Current Trends Of Information Technology

Current Trends Of Information Technology EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report has been produced to examine the current trends of information technology with regard to understand the products and services the market is offering and changes in the industry. IT infrastructure generally important in all organizations, whereas the changing of the market is fast, therefore companies and organizations need to be updated to keep pace with the changes. Besides that, issues and challenges that an organization face couldnt be neglect which it may be the major problem for decision making. As an emerging technology and business paradigm, cloud computing has taken commercial computing by storm. To avoid elimination and stay competitive, basically cost or money will plays the most important role in an organization. Keep track with the updated hardware and software will always affected an organizations budget, the change is fast and its costly. Money is the main obstruct. Understanding a technical area as complex as cloud computing is not easy and requires identifying its fundamental characteristics. Clear concepts and terminology into cloud computing help but do not entirely solve the problem of how to design, develop and adopt a cloud computing system. The latest trend of IT world is cloud computing, which allows user of an organization to download software from the web. It generally saves a lot of money from purchasing new software. This report examine and investigate what is cloud computing about and what is the benefits of owning cloud computing services. To own the service we need to know what the service is about, and also understand how the service or system works. Cloud computing platforms provide easy access to a companys high performance computing and storage infrastructure through web services. It is a new method that shares basic framework. The basic principles of cloud computing is to make the computing be assigned in a great number of distributed computers, rather than local computer or remoter server. The running of the enterprises data center is just like Internet. This makes the enterprise use the resource in the application that is needed, and access computer and storage system according to the requirement. Cloud computing comes into the market is for every user convenient. But of course there are still a lot of matters need to be take care of like, the budget and size of company, whether is suitable to use cloud computing. Even though cloud computing is beneficial but will also examine the companys need of the service. Information moves with incredible speed across and between networks and the cloud, making sensitive information challenging to track and locate. And with an IT infrastructure that is virtual and shared via the cloud, organisations must learn new ways to throw light on to risks, threats and compliance performance. This report introduces the background and principle of cloud computing, the character, style and actuality. This report also introduces the application field of cloud computing, such as, it do not need users high level equipment, so it reduces the users cost. It provides secure and dependable data storage center. It can realize data share through different equipments and puts forward some solutions, and discusses the future of cloud computing. Cloud computing is a computing style that provides power referenced with IT as a service. Users can enjoy the service even he knows nothing about the technology of cloud computing and the professional knowledge in this field and the power to control it. TABLE OF CONTENT Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 5 IT INFRASTRUCTURE ECOSYSTEM 6 2.1 IT INFRASTRUCTURES 6 2.2 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 7 CLOUD COMPUTING 8 3.1 CLOUD COMPUTING CURRENT TRENDS 8 3.2 CLOUD COUMPTING SOLUTION 8 3.3BENEFITS AND COSTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING 9 COMPETITIVE FORCE FOR IT INFRASTRUCTURE 9 4.1 IT INFRASTRUCTURE 10 4.2 STRATEGY FOR CLOUD COMPUTING 10 CONCLUSION 11 REFERENCES 12 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1- JOURNAL 14 1. Introduction Petaling Tin Berhad is a progressive property development and investment group listed on the Main Market Of bursa Malaysia, with major ongoing development projects and exclusive land banks in the Klang Valley hub and parts of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and future high-end resort themed development at Karambunai, Sabah. The group had proven track records in master-planned residential communities, commercial township center and industrial developments for discerning businesses (Petaling Tin Berhad 2010). At Petaling Tin Berhad, we continue to strengthen our core in property development, whilst diversifying into property related businesses such as property investment, management and construction. Today, Petaling Tin Berhad had net assets worth in excess of RM350 million. The Groups continuing strategies include:- Building on a solid foundation of assets by making informed and strategic decisions. Pursuing innovative property products by responding to changes/evolution in needs of consumers. Continuous relationships with our customers, business partners, investors, agencies and communities. The group has few listed companies under the banner and more than ten subsidiaries. Every single company is allocated with different area of responsibility, either in property development or investment. For Karambunai, with cost of RM3 billion eco-nature resort at Nexus Karambunai, Sabah is the next upcoming mega project. The Government will allocate RM100 million to support the tourism industry. With lots of project coming and subsidiaries located separately, groups employees rely on the Internet either to communicate or share updated information. The Malaysian Government initiations via the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) coupled with continued implementations of stimulus packagers augur well for the country, brought with it major property development plains particular within Greater KL, certain indentified infrastructure and tourism projects. The property sector shall continue resilient, moving forward barring unforeseen circumstances, the Group continues to focus of its core business of property development, and shall endeavour to roll-out future planned developments to generate higher sustainable revenue, with continuing effort to optimize the Groups performance. The group currently focuses its commitment contributions along the core themes and concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). As a responsible property developer, the Group adopts and promotes Green Environment approaches and practices in all its property development activities. The Group works closely with its business associates and partners, with emphasis placed on using resources efficiently and effectively whilst adopting environmental best practices whenever possible. Providing a safe, secure, healthy and conductive workplace for employees is a continuous feature of the Groups CSR practice as we recognized the importance of our human resources and work force and their contribution. For the financial year, the Group recorded a higher turnover of RM19.4 million as compared to previous year and also recorded a higher loss before tax. The higher pre-tax loss for the year was mainly due to the write back of profit from the property subsidiary company, mitigated by net gains from changes in fair values of investment properties of the Group. 2. IT Infrastructure Ecosystem 2.1 IT Infrastructures 2.1.1 Internet Platforms Linux is the Internet hardware server at the moment for our group. Internet platforms overlap with, and must relate to, the firms general networking infrastructure and hardware and software platforms (Laudon Laudon 2010). 2.1.2 Computer Hardware Platforms In 2008, U.S. firms spend about $150 billion on computer hardware. This component includes client machines and server machines. The server market is complex. Our group is using HP and IBM, which are the top firms in the market that concentrated in. 2.1.3 Operating Systems Platforms At the client level, 95% of PCs in the world use Microsoft Windows operating system to manage the resources and activities of the computer and our group is one in the category. We are also comprised with Linux as our secondary operating system, which is inexpensive and reliable. 2.1.4 Enterprise Software Applications In our group, software for enterprise application is treated as components of IT infrastructure. The software we are using calls IFCA, its platform one of Malaysias top developers software to fully automate operation. IFCA is paid licensed software that requires renew every year, it is a generally use to update the company whole projects. 2.1.5 Networking/Telecommunications Windows Server is predominantly used as local area network operating system, followed by Linux and Unix. Many local area networks, as well as wide area enterprise networks, use TCP/IP protocol suite as standard. In Malaysia, generally network uses TM. TM is the largest telecommunications service company that offer voice and data connectivity, wide area networking and Internet access. 2.1.6 Consultants and System Integrators Software integration means ensuring the new infrastructure works with the firms older, so-called legacy systems and ensuring the new elements of infrastructure work with one another. This is not necessary for the group while its costly. 2.1.7 Data Management and Storage There are few choices for enterprise database management software, which is responsible for organizing and managing date so that it can be efficiently accessed and used. We are engage with SQL Server by Microsoft, which is one of the leading database software providers. 2.2 Issues and Challenges The biggest challenges for IT professionals are applications, integration, financial and cultural (Kennedy 2009). Even though we have well maintain and established infrastructures for the group but there are still some issues we need to emphasize on like security, connection problems, management cost control, employees knowledge and training, updated hardware and software, data storage and documentation. 2.2.1 The Application Challenges Keeping up with all of the latest technology that is released on a constant basis is another problem. Therefore current applications somehow is not the best, for example connection problem and security issue in Malaysia still need long way to improve on it, sometimes the latest offer in the market might not get upon expectation. 2.2.2 The Integration Challenges Consolidating and integrating multiple finance data warehouses into a single, unified data warehouse is something IT still struggles with. We are property development company, there are too many documentation and process either among external like lawyer firm and banker, or within internal between finance, project and marketing department. Therefore IT department need to ensure everything is going smooth to avoid any hesitation. 2.2.3 The Financial Challenges Financially tight for IT budget is difficult in maintaining information infrastructure under the current budget pressures. Doing more with less continues to be a priority, or as one participant put a fine point on it, getting more results with a big budget reduction. Moreover, these increased expectations are coupled with the reality of lower IT budgets. Providing more service for less money will be a reality well all have to deal with. 2.2.4 The Cultural Challenges Cultural difference play important role in an organization, religious differences and age differences will also play a greater role. However, using them to our advantage will be the challenge. Other than that, implementing change, keeping up with new developments are challenges for the group as well while the products in IT market is changing in a fast pace. Especially giving employees training for new information is not easy task whey they are already get use with the current hardware or software. Thomas C. Staab outlined challenges facing Information Technology leaders in the years to come; he sees challenges based upon the experience and insight hes gained and other technology leaders around the globe (Rosberg 2008). 3. Cloud Computing Cloud computing refers to a model of computing where firms and individuals obtain computing power and software applications over the internet, rather than purchasing their own hardware and software (Laudon Laudon 2010). The cloud computing service model involves the provision, by a service provider, of large pools of high performance computing resources and high-capacity storage devices that are shared among end users as required (Vaquero 2009). The service providers offering may also extend to the software applications required by the end user. Cloud service model requires a high-speed network to provide connection between the end user and the service providers infrastructure. Cloud computing potentially offers an overall financial benefit, in that end users share a large, centrally managed pool of storage and computing resources, rather than owning and managing their own systems (Kondo 2009). The end user in turn sees convenience benefits from having data and services available from any location, from having data backups centrally managed, from the availability of increased capacity when needed, and from usage-based charging (Weiss 2007 Hayes 2008). 3.1 Cloud Computing Current Trends Datapipe, a provider of managed services and infrastructure for IT and cloud computing, is predicting that 2011 will be the year when industry giants from across the spectrum-including major financial institutions, pharmaceuticals and retailers-will migrate major internal and external IT systems to the cloud. (Sowinski 2010). Amazon was first to use a cloud-computing model for their business and now is the leader in providing cloud services to other businesses. Entrepreneurs are exploiting Amazons Web services, Microsofts Windows Azure hosting platform and other cloud services in order to start up companies because of the zero capital equipment requirements. Payment is by credit card and you pay as you go (Bell 2011), examples like iTunes, Dropbox, Salesforce.com and HealthVault; which lets you store and share your medical information. The idea of cloud computing is to make all the information and services run in data centers around the world available via the Web. These new approaches come along roughly every decade and promise to make computers cheaper and more accessible. 3.2 Cloud Computing Solution A number of organizations are already hosting and/or offering cloud computing services. Examples include Google Docs, Amazons Elastic Compute Cloud and Simple Storage services, Microsofts Windows Azure Platform, IBMs Smart Business Services, Salesforce.com, and WebEx (Baliga 2011). Amazon is on the Internet the biggest online retail merchant, everyday is bearing the massive network transaction, and simultaneously Amazon also provides the cloud computing service platform for the independent software development personnel as well as the developer. Amazon calculates theirs cloud the platform to be called elastic compute cloud (EC2), is most early provides the long distance cloud to calculate the platform service the company. Amazon own elastic computation cloud establishment in the platform which the company interior large-scale colony calculates, but the user may operate through the elastic computation cloud network contact surface in the cloud calculates each instance. Amazon elastic compute cloud comes by the named Amazon Web services existing platform development. Amazon Web Services mainly is composed by 4 core services: Simple Storage Service; Elastic Compute Cloud; Simple Queuing Service as well as still occupied at present test stage SimpleDB (Zhang 2010). 3.3 Benefits and Costs of Cloud Computing Cloud services will ultimately save organizations money; cloud services are succeeding in delivering key benefits to the supply chain in the long run. In the cost modelling of cloud services, to offset the initial cost of acquisition of cloud services against existing system licensing and asset costs they will no longer have to pay (Shacklett 2010). Cloud services are less expensive solutions than internal systems, moreover the best solutions for what a given business is striving to achieve in a given business scenario. Cloud computing also allows users to automatically store and back up data without the risk of losing the information in a server crash. It provides organisations with sufficient control over cloud security and compliance to adapt to any type of workload, even mission-critical ones. And giving IT teams the ability to directly inspect and monitor conditions in private, public, or hybrid clouds so they can base their trust on first-hand observations, not just outside Attestations (Patterson 2011). Cloud allows organization to move away from managing their own data centers to focusing their attention and their resources-financial and human-on their core competencies. Cloud is enabling businesses to respond much more effectively to changes in demand. Cloud networks are evolving, linking organizations through complex, multiparty processes into single, virtual organizations (Giniat 2011). Cloud computing do not need high quality equipment for user, and it is easy to use. Cloud computing provides dependable and secure data storage center to avoid data loss or virus problems (Chen 2010). User saved the equipment and maintenance cost with the integrity virtual machine movement controls by user. 4. Competitive Forces Model for IT Infrastructure There has been a growing trend to use off-site infrastructure resources to manage the company IT needs. This has opened up a number of options for large and small companies because it allows them to quickly scale their infrastructure to meet their changing needs, adopt new technology as it comes available, and control all the expenditures related to the IT department (Dell 2011). Cloud computing companies are making it possible to be more efficient, flexible, and cost effective than ever before, it is a very safe, secure way to store data and manage various applications. Cloud services will help organizations enter the age of utility computing in an incremental manner (Hurwitz 2010). 4.1 IT Infrastructure Infrastructure as a service allows us to pay for the things we need. We wont be spending money on physical servers or storage space and wont have to make new technology purchases based on the possibility of growth. We will be able move faster when our IT infrastructure is scalable and flexible by keep up with the recent changes of new technology. This is good from our standpoint, we have no desire to buy and maintain lots of hardware and software. If we can let someone else look after the basic technology, we can more focus on future development. With cloud computing, we have come full circle: the efficiencies of a centralized computing infrastructure that can be easily accessed via the Internet are just too compelling to ignore. Our group doesnt own any servers, with everything else off in a cloud, and we only have the basic productivity software on our personal computers. Recently Google joined with IBM to promote cloud computing, the idea of cloud computing its sufficiently compelling that in large measure it already exists (Weber 2008). We use Google, for search and for analytics and for document sharing, among other things. We are established developer in the industry for more than few decades; we should upgrade our IT infrastructure to be more competitive in the market. Especially over the years, we have too many documents to sort out, but to list systematically is difficult. Lots of burden will be reducing if with the assistance of cloud service. Furthermore it can simplify the documentations between us with lawyer and banker. We can retrieve and trace every document from the web rather than waiting dispatch to send or collect, or need to search the document in the storage room. And also can download s oftware from the web anytime without any hassle while waiting for IT personnel. 4.2 Strategy for Cloud Computing The first type of resources is infrastructure resources, which include computing power, storage, and machine provisioning. For example, Amazon EC2 provides web service interface to easily request and configure capacity online. Xdrive Box service provides online storage to users. Microsoft SkyDrive provides free storage service, with an integrated offline and online model that keeps privacy related files on hard drives, and enables people to access those files remotely (Zhang Zhou 2009). Infrastructure as a service refers to the sharing of hardware resources for executing services, typically using virtualization technology. With Infrastructure as a Service, potentially multiple users use existing resources. In Platform as a Service, the offering includes software execution environment, such as application server. In the Software as a Service, complete applications are hosted on the Internet so that e.g. your word processing software isnt installed locally on your PC anymore but runs on a server in the network and is accessed through a web browser (Ohlman 2009). Through storage as a service, users can outsource their data storage requirements to the cloud (Buyya 2008). All processing is performed on the users PC, which may have only a solid state drive, and the users primary data storage is in the cloud. Data files may include documents, photographs, or videos. Files stored in the cloud can be accessed from any computer with an Internet connection at any time (Kondo 2009). In addition, after a user uploads a file to the cloud, the user can grant read and/or modification privileges to other users. One example of storage as a service is the Amazon Simple Storage service. Conclusion Infrastructure management is becoming more important in a dynamic business environment, the right business infrastructure can help optimize IT efficiency, minimize costs, and help organization respond quickly to industry changes. Why we need cloud computing? It is to utilize the vacant resources of computer, increase the economic efficiency through improving utilization rate, and decrease the equipment energy consumption. Among the many IT giants driven by trends in cloud computing has not doubtful. It gives almost everyone has brought good news. For enterprises, cloud computing is worthy of consideration and try to build business systems as a way for businesses in this way can undoubtedly bring about lower costs, higher profits and more choice; for large scale industry, After the financial turmoil will be the cost of infrastructure for large-scale compression seems likely; developers, when in the face of cloud computing, can effectively improve own capacity, cloud computing will bring a revolutionary change in the Internet. Cloud computing announced a low-cost super-computing services to provide the possibility, while there are a large number of manufacturers behind, there is no doubt that cloud computing has a bright future. Certainly, there are many of challenges we need to face, or continue to face, in the unknown coming days. And as we face these challenges proactively, with open minds, and by embracing change, working these things to our advantage, the opportunities well find will ultimately result in our success. If our group depend on someone else for the technology and that can limit our flexibility and creativity. In fact, the personal computer itself arose because the old model of business computing, in which companies had big mainframes and everyone connected to them via dumb terminals, was enormously frustrating for the people sitting at those dumb terminals. They could only do what they were authorized to do. They were dependent on the computer administrators to give them permission or fix problems. They had no way of staying up on the latest innovations. The personal computer was a rebellion against the tyranny of centralized computing operations. Security problem of the exposure to the web still resolve while the user will manage and monitor everything. Cloud computing will help the group save money in the long run, and to be more productive when documentations are done within a faster period. And also provide employees with a greater IT environment with always getting the most updated software in the market. With cloud computing, the aim is to hide the complexity of IT infrastructure management from its users. At the same time, cloud computing platforms provide massive scalability, reliability, high performance, and specifiable configurability. These capabilities are provided at relatively low costs compared to dedicated infrastructures. Cloud computing is making it possible to separate the process of building an infrastructure for service provisioning from the business of providing end user services. It will cut complexity, improve flexibility and make IT more strategic to business there is a misconception about the cloud that the Cloud is cheaper than traditional IT. References Baliga J., Ayre R.W.A., Hinton K. Tucker R.S. 2011, Green Cloud Computing: Balancing Energy in Processing, Storage, and Transport, Vol. 99, No. 1, January 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE. Bell G. 2011, Online 24/7: Life Logging Pioneer Clarifies the Future of Cloud Computing from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cloud-computing-pioneer-bell Buyya R., Yeo C.S. Venugopal S. 2008, Market-oriented cloud computing: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering IT services as computing utilities, in Proc. 10th IEEE Int. Conf. High Performance Comput. Commun., Dalian, China, Sep. 2008, pp. 5-13 Chen X.B., Huo X.Z., Zhang S.F. Zhang S. 2010, Second International Conference on Future Networks Cloud Computing Research and Development Trend, 978-0-7695-3940-9/10 $26.00  © 2010 IEEE, DOI 10.1109/ICFN.2010.58 , IEEE Computer Society. Dell L. 2011, 5 Components of Effective IT Infrastructure Management from http://www.cloudcomputingzone.com/2011/05/5-components-of-effective-it-infrastructure-management/ Giniat E.J. 2011, cloud computing: innovating the business of health care Hayes B. 2008, Cloud computing, Commun.ACM, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 9-11, 2008. http://www.ptb.com.my/ Hurwitz J., Bloor R. Kaufman M. 2010, Cloud Computing For Dummies ®, HP Special Edition, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana. Kennedy H. 2009, IT Challenges: 2009-2010 from http://blog.agencypja.com/2009/09/25/marketing/it-challenges-2009-2010/ Kondo D., Javadi B., Malecot P., Cappello F. Anderson D.P. 2009, Cost-benefit analysis of cloud computing versus desktop grids, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Parallel Distrib. Process., Rome, Italy, May 2009, DOI: 10.1109/IPDPS. 2009.5160911. Laudon, KC Laudon, JP 2010, Management information systems: managing the digital firm, 11th edn, Pearson Prentice-Hall, USA. Ohlman B., Eriksson A., Rembarz R. 2009, What Networking of Information Can Do for Cloud Computing 2009 18th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructures for Collaborative Enterprises. Patterson A. 2011, The year of the cloud from nzbusiness.co.nz Rosberg J. 2008, Ten IT challenges for the 21st century from http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/tech-manager/ten-it-challenges-for-the-21st-century/410 Shacklett M. 2010 Cloud Computing: The value proposition of this promising technology is beginning to reverberate across supply chains. from www.worldtradewt100.com Sowinski L.L. 2010, World Trade Magazine: Cloudy No More, Willowbrook Lane, West Chester, Pa. 19382. Vaquero L.M., Rodero-Merino L., Caceres J., Lindner M. 2009, A break in the clouds: Towards a cloud definition, SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 50-55, 2009. Weber J. 2008, Cloud computing from http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article3874599.ece Weiss A. 2007, Computing in the clouds, netWorker, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 16-25, 2007. Zhang L.J. Zhou Q. 2009, CCOA: Cloud Computing Open Architecture, IEEE International Conference on Web Services IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, New York, USA, 978-0-7695-3709-2/09 $25.00  © 2009 IEEE, DOI 10.1109/ICWS.2009.144, IEEE Computer Society. Zhang S.F., Zhang S., Chen X.B. Wu S.Z. 2010, Analysis and Research of Cloud Computing System Instance, 2010 Second International Conference on Future Networks ,Hebei Polytechnic University, China. 978-0-7695-3940-9/10 $26.00  © 2010 IEEE, DOI 10.1109/ICFN.2010.60, IEEE Computer Society.

Geometry Kite Making

1) Search for a kite you’d like to build. It can be any shape kite, but keep in mind that the easier the build, the more difficult I grade it. The harder it is to build, the more chance it won’t be completed in time. So evaluate yourself & the directions to determine which kite you decide on building. a. Google the web (not videos, nor images) – â€Å"How to build a kite with step by step directions† †¦ You can word your search in any way that is similar to what I just gave you. b. Be sure what you pull up has Step by Step Directions on how to build the kite (i. e. t will tell exactly how & where to cut the material, where to place the dowels, where to tie the string, etc, etc).c. Be sure what you pull up has Clear Materials Listed – meaning you will be able to list off what is needed to build a kite (i. e. exact centimeters or inches of dowels, the diameter of the dowel, if plastic tubing is needed, string length, etc, etc). d. Print all this out – preferably with photos (always helpful when building). 2) Write up a materials list with the totals (dowel length, string length, fabric, etc) on a lined piece of paper so that it’s legible.This is for me to go shopping with, so I need the exact total & I need to read it. I’m not interested in how many ___ sized pieces of dowel you need because we’ll just cut up the total length later; I just need you to calculate from your internet, printed materials list the exact totals of each item. 3) Build your kite – we’ll be doing this in class as a group. You won’t be taking any of these items home, so you need to make sure you are here for each class we designate as build days. e.Each â€Å"build day† you will need: yard stick (science lab has some), pencil, pen, lined paper for calculations, calculator, ruler, protractor, kite instructions & a servant’s heart (because we’ll need to bring other items to & from my c lassroom each of these days = teamwork). f. Measure the perimeter & area of your kite, once completed. g. Were there any angles in your kite? What types; how many; what degrees were they (calculate algebraically being sure to write down how you calculated †¦ same side interior, complementary angles, etc. )? h.Are there any parallel &/or perpendicular lines? Transversal lines? i. As you build along, rewrite the steps in your own words so that someone else could build your kite. Use as many geometric terms as articulately possible. Reason: 1) I asked; and, 2) the directions you find on the internet are often more complicated than need be, so you’ll be helping someone else out. Maybe we’ll start our own website someday! 4) Project items from the book: j. Page 453: You’ll need to draw diagonals on a plain, white sheet of copy paper using a yard stick for accuracy.Mark off your half-inch measurement (the  ½ inch past center point) with a pencil so that it†™s visible to others. The â€Å"front corners† are considered the ones where you folded the paper, not the ones where it’s unfolded. **There is a â€Å"typo†: you’ll be folding the corners & stapling them about 3-4 in. from the front of the kite. You will staple those folds together perpendicularly to the first fold. ** Tie one end of string through the back of the staple. Open up the unfolded paper to create a kite surface. ~ You are not creating a paper airplane, and so therefore will follow these directions with the book’s directions to create a paper kite. ~~ k. Page 468: When â€Å"describing† each effective area, the book is asking you to compare the effective area to the actual kite (i. e. : does the effective area have the same area as the part of the kite that’s facing the wind; or less, or more; etc, etc). When you compare, do so in words (using as many geometrical terms as possible) as well as with some calculations.l. Pa ge 476: SKIP †¦ this is what you did in Parts 1 & 2. ) REPORT: Research the history of kites, and be sure to write down your sources for use in a reference page later (when you hand in your final project). m. When were they first used? What were they used for? In what country did they first get used predominantly? n. Find examples of how kites were used for: rescuing sailors, vanquishing enemies, predicting the weather, etc. Give me any other uses for kites †¦ be thorough & creative. o. Tell me any interesting facts you discovered about kites while doing this research.

Working Weeks

In New Zealand by Altering Working Weeks If I could change one thing about the world of business and organizations, it would be to alter the generic 40 hour working week for New Islanders. I would define this key strategic issue in two particular contexts; the first of which being how the generic working week is structured, and the second being the average amount of normal weekly hours a full time worker must work to maintain a livelihood. It is imperative that both areas of this Issue are addressed in order to benefit employees, societies and corporations.This can be done by combating society Issue of growing unemployment to generate a sustainable employment future for all kiwis, while still benefiting employers by Increase efficiency and effectiveness within our economy. This particular Issue Is Important to me because I have now been unemployed for seven months and have found it extraordinarily difficult. I often worry about how my children will handle employment in the future alo ng with the inevitability that it is to only bound to be worse for them. Increasing population vs.. Creasing amount of jobs is to blame for this rising trend towards future unemployment. Population is increasing at an exponential rate which is driving unemployment up, but is not as easily addressed as the issue of decreasing Jobs. It is widely known that globalization has been a number one driver in unemployment. Fifty percent of Jobs that were available thirty years ago no longer exist due to technological advancement or ‘machines taking over' (Rotten, 2013). Jobs are increasingly being replaced by robots to improve efficiency, and as technology advances; so too will this issue.I worked as a checkout operator at New World Metro for five years and during this time we Introduced self-service lanes, which dramatically decreased New Worlds need for checkout staff. I was trained as a self- service supervisor and my Job was to look over eight of these machines and help if any issue s arose. Technically, my job replaced that of eight checkout operators. It is not to say that people were fired during this time of transition, but when people left; many were not replaced due to lack of demand.This example from my prior work experience can be applied to majority of firms these days. It is an issue to be addressed in all industries, at both ends of the spectrum, from supermarkets to law firms. Many have predicted computers to take the place of lawyers in the next 10 – 20 year because of their capacity to hold information from millions books (Lick, 2013). However, Increasing technology Is not something that can be, nor should be stopped, as It helps economies grow and become more efficient and effective. It Is Improvements In the way we work, that may be able to address this Issue.There are various ways we can look at combating unemployment and increase efficiency and effectiveness within the New Zealand structured. New Zealand currently adapts an eight hour a day, five day week. This leaves workers with only two free days a week implying 30% free time, which Just does not feel like enough. It is depressing to think that as a human we spend 70% of every week of our entire life working. Changing too 10 hour: 4 day ratio means free time is increased to 42. 8% of every week; which is a whole lot closer to half way.Using this structure, workers can still work the same amount of hours while earning the same income but gaining an extra day of free time to spend doing the things they enjoy. This will improve each individual's general mood, thus creating happier irking environments, which could generate more efficient and effective workplaces. It is also inevitable that work places would become more efficient under this system, as projects would get completed at a faster rate. Companies would gain two extra hours a day of an individual's time to complete each project, thus completing Jobs at a higher frequency in the same amount of working hours .The 10 hour: 4 day week could also impact positively on unemployment, as companies gain an entire day of working hours where cover must be found a week. Fortunately this extra day does not mom at the expense of decreasing anyone else's hours, thus an entire new Job is formed. This idea comes under the assumption that majority of companies are open seven days a week. Consequently, each organization would need to increase their Weekend staff to cater for this extra day. Additionally, this structure could also help job-share equality in the workplace; implying two days each for each worker.Therefore this 10 hour four day week would not only be beneficial for full time employees by increasing their free time, and Job share employees by creating an equal split, it would also benefit corporations by increasing productivity and efficiency, and society by decreasing unemployment. The next area to look at when addressing issues surrounding unemployment and effective workplaces, would be the average amount of normal weekly hours full time workers work. New Islanders currently adapt a 40 hour average working week, with many (particularly in trade areas) working 48 hour weeks.There seems to be a trend towards employees working larger amounts of hours as there is a higher demand for these kinds of workers. Unfortunately, this system favors corporations at the expense to employees and societies. This is an area which must be addressed in order to maintain equality teen the three. If we continue with our current system, issues surrounding this inequality will only get worse. Results could possibly lead to a future where our children would be considered (in today's society) as slaves.The number one way to address this would be to somehow prove to organizations that decreasing employee's average hours, would benefit their company in the long run. We can look to countries like Germany and France for particular examples of decreased hours benefiting economies. France currently adapts a 35 hour working week with longer holiday periods. They work the least in the world but have one of the highest productivity rates, working less but working better valuing quality over quantity (Businesswoman's, 2013). Germany on the other hand, also adapt a 35 hour working week and maintain a low unemployment rate of 5. % (Rheostat, 2014) compared with New Sealant's 5. 9% (Businesses, 2014). The British Economics Foundation makes fair point in their book time on our side' that the optimum working resources, reducing greenhouse gas, benefiting employee's general health and fix unemployment by creating new Jobs. I particularly agree with the issue of benefiting employee general health. I have previously argued that increasing employees free time days will improve their mood, but will also improves their general health, whether it mental or physical.It is evident that SSH accidents increase as an individual's amount of hours worked increases, stress and fatigue being general c auses (OCHS, 2012). This is neither an efficient or effective way of working and is a particular issue in trade industries, as many opt for increased hour working weeks to keep up with demand. Companies should decreasing employee's hours in order to decrease work place accidents in order to promote efficient and effective workplaces. A final point to note is that, decreasing the average working week will generate new jobs which is the number one issue at hand in my argument.Altering the generic 40 hour working week is key to combating unemployment and increase efficiency and effectiveness within the New Zealand economy. We can do one of two ways; how the working weeks are structured and by looking at how many hours people work. I argued that in re-structuring to four ten hour days provides far more benefits for employees, societies and companies than five eight hour days in a working week. My final argument proved that the inequalities between these three parties must be dressed now in order for future generations not to be taken advantage of and this can be addressed by decreasing working weeks.I feel that there is a high likelihood that measures to alter working weeks will be addressed in the future, as issues surrounding increasing population vs.. Unemployment due to globalization grow. However, barriers to addressing this would surround individual's right to choose how much they want to work. As the working economy gets more competitive people will want to do more to get on top. If that means working more, than this issue has the potential to get a lot worse. References Businesswoman's. 2013, 12 13). Is the 40-hour Workweek Too Long?

Adverse Possession dispute - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1666 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Brief 199371 Adverse Possession Salchester City Council purchased the freehold estate in a large plot of vacant land in 1980. The title to the land is unregistered. The intention was to develop it as a state of the art sports complex. Unfortunately, ongoing disputes with Central Government about the availability of funding have led to delays and, at the present time (December 2003) the land remains undeveloped. Harrison Haulage Ltd runs their business from a depot immediately adjoining the Councils land. In November 1991 they started parking their vehicles on a portion of the land and effectively treated the land as their own. As their business expanded they made more and more use of the land and, in January 1992, they erected a portakabin on it to provide additional office space. In July 1992, following several attacks on their office from vandals, they erected a fence around the portion of land and fully incorporated it into their own property. The Council have written to Harrison on several occasions, informing them that they are trespassing and demanding that they vacate the land. Harrison have ignored all their letters and privately say that they intend to stay on the land until such time as the Council eventually develop the sports complex. Advise the Council about the risk (if any) of Harrison acquiring rights of adverse possession in the land and about any action they should now take to protect their position. Your advice should take the form of a report. This should be in the region of 1,500 words in length and should, under no circumstances, exceed 2,000 words. The dispute between Salchester City Council and Harrison Haulage Ltd could be rightly regarded as being an unintended result of the difficulty that Salchester City Council has had in developing its land into a sports centre complex. The sports centre project was first proposed in 1980, yet so far has failed to materialise due to disagreements with central government over funding. The impasse between Salchester City Council and central government has allowed Harrison Haulage Ltd the opportunity to use the piece of council land nearest to its own business premises even though that company knows that it is trespassing (Martin, 2003 p. 16). It would certainly be in the best interests of Harrison Haulage Ltd to continue its adverse possession of the land they were currently using, as they would have to locate larger premised at a different site otherwise. The sooner that Salchester City Council could remove Harrison Haulage Ltd from its land the better its chances of avoiding losing the land through adverse possession. For continuous occupation of property or land for a long period is the strongest factor in the granting of adverse possession (Stevens Pearce, 2000 p. 61). Harrison Haulage Ltdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s occupation of the council land is not only saving it money, the occupation is also costing Salchester City Council potential revenue. I f Salchester City Council could regain full occupation of the land site the construction of the sports centre complex could arguably commence earlier. In view of there being little prospect of central government finding the extra funding which Salchester City Council would like, it would be sensible for the council to review its intentions for building the sports centre complex. Should Salchester City Council decide to go ahead with the sports centre complex without central government funding it would be highly advantageous to regain control of its land from Harrison Haulage Ltd if it wishes to complete the project to its original specifications. Once that decision is made then Salchester City Council needs to take the appropriate steps to end Harrison Haulage Ltdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s adverse possession of the land nearest to its premises (Stevens Pearce, 2000 p. 61). Thus far Harrison Haulage Ltd has been able to maintain their illegal adverse possession of the land due to Salche ster City Council being half-hearted or ineffective in their efforts to restore its ownership. There is no point in Salchester City Council sending letters to Harrison Haulage Ltd requesting that they vacate council property if those requests are not legally binding or cannot be enforced. Harrison Haulage Ltd has been able to ignore previous letters from the council due to such correspondence lacking legal enforceability. The best advice for Salchester City Council to act upon would be to issue a notice to Harrison Haulage Ltd that is wishes to repossess all its land with immediate effect. To achieve that goal all future letters from Salchester City Council to Harrison Haulage Ltd need to quote from the most relevant piece of legislation. Quoting the correct legislation makes all the difference between being able to end adverse possession or just complaining about such possession to the offending party. In this case the most relevant legislation which Salchester City Council could b est use to regain possession of its land would be the Criminal Law Act of 1977 and the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994 (Martin, 2003 pp 16-17). The advantage of citing these specific pieces of legislation is that any recovering action could be upheld in court and enforced by the Police if Harrison Haulage Ltd refused to vacate the land to allow the council to proceed with its plan for the development of the entire site. Harrison Haulage Ltd demonstrated their intention of establishing and maintaining adverse possession of the disputed land by fencing it off from the rest of the site and also by placing a portakabin upon that piece of land (Chynoweth, 2002 p.2). Although the fencing was erected to protect Harrison Haulage Ltdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s property being damaged by vandals it has the affect of marking where on the site that the firm wishes to establish adverse possession (Oakley, 2002 p. 551). The main reason for Harrison Haulage Ltd not complying with such lega l notification would be a reluctance to have to find extra land elsewhere. That combines as well with the knowledge that they need only occupy the land continuously for more than twelve years for the council to lose ownership of that section of the site (Martin, 2003 p. 17). Salchester City Council in effect has less than four weeks or so to act to regain its piece of land before Harrison Haulage Ltd has the right to gain the land for free by asserting its claim of adverse possession. Even if the firm could not prove that it has been using the land since December 1991, it would certainly argue that it intended to carry on using the land as its own from January 1992 when the portakabin was erected. At best the firm would argue that its possession of the land was from July 1992 when it put up the fencing. Once Harrison Haulage Ltd have occupied the land for more than twelve years then its chance of successfully claiming adverse possession improve significantly (Martin, 2003 p. 17). Given the limited time left before the Christmas and New Year public holidays, Salchester City Council would have to take action to recover its land within the next week. This would be to minimise the risk of Harrison Haulage Ltd gaining adverse possession of the land by virtue of having being in possession of the land for twelve years (Oakley, 2002 p. 551). It would also prudent for Salchester City Council to set a date for the construction of the sports centre complex to begin. For if the case went to court such a move would make it harder for Harrison Haulage Ltd to argue that the land was unused and did not have any intended use by the owner (Oakley, 2002 p. 123). The council has to act immediately to prevent the loss of its land. This is because Harrison Haulage Ltd could successfully convince the court that it took de facto possession of the piece land in December 1991 it could gain legal title through the provisions of the Limitation Act of 1980 in weeks. The court might not accept that claim, yet it would be harder to reject the case for adverse possession from July 2004. That is when the fence around the land has been separating the land from the rest of the site for twelve years and therefore not allowed the council to use the site, and could be the point at which the council losses title to its land (Chynoweth, 2002 p. 1). There is an alternative that Salchester City Council could consider yet it would have to take such a step immediately. If the piece of land currently occupied by Harrison Haulage Ltd is not essential for the completion of the sports centre complex it could be sold to the firm by the council. Although not the best option for the council it would raise capital to be put towards the construction of the sports centre complex (Martin, 2003 p. 17). Selling the land to Harrison Haulage Ltd would end the risk of losing the same piece of land for nothing if the Court ruled in favour of Harrison Haulage Ltd, as the council would have no right of appeal under the Limitation Act of 1980 (Chynoweth, 2002 p. 1). To conclude Salchester City Council has to act within a week or two if it does not wish to lose its land to Harrison Haulage Ltd for nothing. Time is certainly in Harrison Haulage Ltdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s favour if the firm decides to claim adverse possession. Depending upon the strength of evidence it has to present to Court, adverse possession could be claimed between December 2003 and July 2004. As July 2004 marks twelve years since the firm put a fence around the land it would have strong hopes of having adverse possession upheld. Salchester City Council needs to take immediate action to recover its land under the legislation recommended above, or alternatively sell the land to Harrison Haulage Ltd to prevent losing possession without any compensation or sale revenue. Bibliography Chynoweth P, (2002) Study Paper: The Law of Adverse Possession, www.lawlectures.co.uk Martin A E, (2003) Oxford Dict ionary of Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford Oakley A J, (2002) Megarryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Manual of the Law of Real Property- 8th edition, Sweet Maxwell, London Stevens J Pearce R A, (2000) Land Law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2nd edition, Sweet Maxwell, London Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adverse Possession dispute" essay for you Create order